Bapu is a word for
"father" in many Indian languages such as Gujarati and Marathi.
Mahatma Gandhi first called Mahatma On January 27, 1915 by Gondal Rasasala, a
royal physician of the erstwhile princely State Gondal, he termed Gandhi as
‘Mahatma’ with reference to historic movement against apartheid in South Africa
from 1908 to 1914.
Mohandas
Karamchand Gandhi (Mahatma Gandhi) was born on October 2, 1869, into a Hindu
Modh family in Porbanadar, Gujarat, India. His father, named Karamchand Gandhi,
was the Chief Minister (diwan) of the city of Porbanadar. His mother, named
Putlibai, was the fourth wife; the previous three wives died in childbirth.
Gandhi was born into the vaishya (business caste). He was 13 years old when
married Kasturbai (Ba) Makhanji, through his parents arrangement. They had four
sons. Gandhi learned tolerance and non-injury to living beings from an early
age. He was abstinent from meat, alcohol, and promiscuity.
Gandhi campaigned to improve the lives of the untouchables, whom he called Harijans (the children of God). He promoted equitable rights, including the right to vote in the same electorates as other castes. In 1934 Gandhi survived three attempts on his life. In 1936, he briefly resigned from the party, because his popularity was stifling the diversity of membership; ranging from communists and socialists to religious conservatives and pro-business groups. He returned to the head of the party with the Jawaharlal Nehru presidency. At the beginning of the Second World War Gandhi declared that India could not be a party to this war, unless it has independence. His "Quit India" campaign led to mass arrests on an unprecedented scale of struggle. He was arrested in Bombay (Mumbai) and was held for two years. During his captivity his wife passed away and his secretary also died. Gandhi was released in May of 1944, due to a necessary surgery. His campaign led to a release of over 100,000 political prisoners before the end of the war.
India won independence in 1947, followed by the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947, and partition of India. Gandhi said, "Before partitioning India, my body will have to be cut into two pieces." About one million people died in the bloody riots until partition was reluctantly asserted by Gandhi as the only way to stop the Civil War. He urged the Congress Party to accept partition, and launched his last "fast-into-death" campaign in Delhi, calling for a stop to all violence. Gandhi also called to give Pakistan the 550,000,000 rupees in honor of the partition agreement. He tried to prevent instability and anger against India.
Gandhi campaigned to improve the lives of the untouchables, whom he called Harijans (the children of God). He promoted equitable rights, including the right to vote in the same electorates as other castes. In 1934 Gandhi survived three attempts on his life. In 1936, he briefly resigned from the party, because his popularity was stifling the diversity of membership; ranging from communists and socialists to religious conservatives and pro-business groups. He returned to the head of the party with the Jawaharlal Nehru presidency. At the beginning of the Second World War Gandhi declared that India could not be a party to this war, unless it has independence. His "Quit India" campaign led to mass arrests on an unprecedented scale of struggle. He was arrested in Bombay (Mumbai) and was held for two years. During his captivity his wife passed away and his secretary also died. Gandhi was released in May of 1944, due to a necessary surgery. His campaign led to a release of over 100,000 political prisoners before the end of the war.
India won independence in 1947, followed by the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947, and partition of India. Gandhi said, "Before partitioning India, my body will have to be cut into two pieces." About one million people died in the bloody riots until partition was reluctantly asserted by Gandhi as the only way to stop the Civil War. He urged the Congress Party to accept partition, and launched his last "fast-into-death" campaign in Delhi, calling for a stop to all violence. Gandhi also called to give Pakistan the 550,000,000 rupees in honor of the partition agreement. He tried to prevent instability and anger against India.
The period from 1920
to 1947 had been described as the Gandhian Era in Indian Politics. During the
period, Gandhi spoke the final word on behalf of the Indian National Congress in
negotiating with the British Government for constitutional reforms, and for
chalking out a programme for the national movement. Mahatma Gandhi led the national freedom struggle against the
British rule. The most unique thing about this struggle was that it was
completely non violent.
Gandhi's ultimate
search was for righteous conduct. The means are more important than the end, he
maintained; with the right means, desired ends will follow. In time, he was
proven right- almost always. His struggles and actions were but external
manifestations of his struggle to evolve his own value system. Mahatma Gandhi
better known as the father of Nation because it was he who got freedom for us.
He was the maker of Modern India.
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